Abstract: Along with the increase of the number of failed satellites, plus space debris, year by year, it will take considerable manpower and resources if we rely just on ground surveillance and early warning. An alternative effective way would be to use autonomous long-range non-cooperative target relative navigation to solve this problem. For longrange non-cooperative targets, the stereo cameras or lidars that are commonly used would not be applicable. This paper studies a relative navigation method for long-range relative motion estimation of non-cooperative targets using only a monocular camera. Firstly, the paper provides the nonlinear relative orbit dynamics equations and then derives the discrete recursive form of the dynamics equations. An EKF filter is then designed to implement the relative navigation estimation. After that, the relative “locally weakly observability” theory for nonlinear systems is used to analyze the observability of monocular sequence images. The analysis results show that by relying only on monocular sequence images it has the possibility of deducing the relative navigation for long-range non-cooperative targets. Finally, numerical simulations show that the method given in this paper can achieve a complete estimation of the relative motion of longrange non-cooperative targets without conducting orbital maneuvers.